The Rivalry Between India And Pakistan History Essay

The Rivalry Between India And Pakistan History EssayIf there were only two men in the world, how would they get on. They would help angiotensin converting enzyme a nonher, harm whiz an other, flatter unmatchable another, slander one another, compact one another, make it up they could neither live together nor do without one another. Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary, 1764.INTRODUCTION1. The confederation Asian kingdom, which includes states of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka has dogged been signifi cigarettet in world affairs. It is a di pot of great racial variety with innumerable cultures, languages, and religions. No other region in the world possesses such(prenominal) unique distinctions and characteristics. India has common boundary with either in all other six states of this region, plainly no other acres has a common boundary with to each one other. So India is assumed as the core of the sulphur Asian system. T his geo-strategic indicate has made India a regional power.2. Throughout history, South Asia has faced mevery struggles. In the 8th and 12th century, Arab and Turkish Muslims took all over the control of this region from Hindus fighting many wars. Religion and expansion of territory were the main drivings of those wars. indeed came the Mugals in the 15th century and fought innumerable wars for establishing control and expanding their territory. In the seventeenth century the British came and gradually took over the region through many wars in establishing their colonies. Though Nepal was the only the nation that the British Empire failed to colonise. consequently the people of this sub-continent started their movements for independence against British Imperialism inspired by nationalism. Ultimately the British had to leave the region in 1947.4. After India becoming independent, this region excessively faced different constituted and un stately wars. There were four conventi onal wars fought in this region amongst India and Pakistan in 1948, 1965 and in 1971 and between India and mainland chinaware in 1962. There were many unconventional wars in this region Sikh, Naga, and Mizo capers in India, Baluch and Sindh problems in Pakistan, Chakma insurgency in Bangladesh, Tamil insurgency in Sri Lanka, and Maoist insurgency in Nepal etcetera Interestingly, India is assumed as one fel downheartedship of this conflict at bottom this region directly or indirectly.5. South Asia, the most poorest region of the old utilising their figure mostly in other domain like defense and solving conflicts instead of in the development sector. In the case of Nepal, she is withal using a good amount of budget in the peace process and conflict management.CAUSES OF WARS IN SOUTH ASIA6. train of the conflicts in South Asia shows that the numbers of conventional wars are less(prenominal) in number and in severity than the unconventional wars. There were multifarious causes of wars in South Asia. No single cause was directly responsible for any war or conflict in this region. The causes of wars in South Asia in general are discussed in the following paragraphs.Consequence of the Cold state of war7. Since independence of the countries of this region, it has been an arena of clashing interests and frugal, political and diplomatic competitions of the major powers. still those powers did not engage themselves in direct large-scale military confrontation. For all the countries of South Asia, large and small, relation backs with the United extracts, the former Soviet sexual union, and mainland China are extensive and of great significance.8. In 1947 India established good relation with USSR. In 1949 Pakistan also established good relation with Soviet Union as a result of Indias relation with USA. A Cold war was introduced in this region when Pakistan joined South East Asian treaty Organization (SEATO) in kinfolk 1954 and the Baghdad Pact in Septembe r 1955. India and Pakistan both took the chance of strained dealings between the two tiptop powers due to the cold war. In this context the USA back up Pakistan and the USSR support India. India and Pakistan both received Military aid worth of billions of dollars from these two A-one powers. Pakistan also established good relation with China to counter India and was supported substantially.9. It can easily be deduced that in addition to heavy economic assistance, vast quantities of military supplies flowed into the sub-continent, which led to the endless arms race between India and Pakistan since independence. Nuclear tests by both the countries in 1998 were a clear congressman of the severity of the arms race between these two countries. Also both of them were competing as a nuclear country that they made nuclear tests one after another. The arms race between India and Pakistan and the role played by the major powers due to the cold war situation were responsible in leading to the Indo-Pakistani wars (in 1965 and 1971). These were also responsible for the border war between India and China in 1962.India Factor10. Geo-strategically India has a greater advantage than other states of this region. This region is Indo centric, which is unique in the world system. Geographically, economically and population wise India is largest country in this region. India occupies 72% of the area of this region and bears 77% of its population. She also generates 78% of the gross national product of this region. So India is known as the regional super power for South Asia. Its assumed that India was the one of the powericipants of all conventional and unconventional wars fought in this region directly or indirectly.11. India is in discriminatory position to intervene in the informal affairs of other countries of this region. study of insurgencies and communal violence in this region also proves that it is India, who directly or indirectly helped the militants. Involvemen t of India can be clearly understood in the Tamil crisis in Sri Lanka, the Chakma crisis in Bangladesh, the Nepalese exiles etc.12. India as a regional power always wanted to dominate the region. She also wants to leaping the influence of outside power, upon her neighbours, as she takes into account her neighbours as an integral part of her security. India was always sensitive about the presence of extra-regional power in South Asian politics.Rise of Sub-State estatealism13. The South Asian region is one of the most populous areas in the world. There are numerous communities in this area who are from different religions, tribes, and speak in different languages. Since the rude days there were conflicts between the communities. In a multi-racial and multi-cultural society when a particular group of people establishes domination over power and hampers play off distribution of resources and other amenities, trouble starts within a country. Indians fought their British rulers as one entity, but once near the freedom they were split and run short two countries as Pakistan (Muslim majority) and India (Hindu majority). Lately in 1971 West Pakistan also marooned as Bangladesh (Bengali majority). Most countries within this region were/are facing internal conflict e.g. Maoist problem of India in some states, Tamil problem of Sri Lanka, Maoist and Terai problem in Nepal.14. In present context the Janajati leading of Nepal are conjunction for a caste system state. Madhesi parties are uniting for Terai demanding one Madhesi state. Far western people say that they need a undividable far eastern state and some demand Tharuhat, Limbuwan, Tansaling, Tamuwan, Newa State etc. This shows the rise of sub-state nationalism. Not only Nepal, but most of the South Asian countries are facing this sort of problem e.g. Gorkhaland state fighters at Paschim Bengal India.Neo-Colonialism15. Nowadays the concept of domination by capturing the land physically is near over. immediatel y powerful states try to exert their influence on less powerful states by neo-colonizing them i.e. by controlling them economically as swell as politically. Market domination is one of the major measures for neo-colonizing other states in this age. India always wanted South Asia as her secured market for industrial as well primary products. She is almost successful in achieving her purpose, only Pakistan is in a ambitious position.Rivalry between India and Pakistan15. South Asian conflicts rotated basically around the traditional and endless conflicts and rivalry between India and Pakistan and their various(prenominal) relationship with other states of the region. The roots of the conflict are complex and can be traced back to the demand for a separate homeland for the Indian Muslims. The organizing principles of the two states are different one based on religion and the other on secularism. This has affected their internal politics. They also have disputes over territories, hav e mutual suspicions and distrust. At present a situation of low intensity conflict is prevailing between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue. scarce it is not expected to achieve anything bilaterally due to the nature and state of relations between the two also the stalemate over Kashmir is likely to wait for an indefinite period.16. The nuclear tests by both the countries in 1998 have get along complicated the situation. The conflict between India and Pakistan is too emotional. They are also deficient sophisticated command and control system for nuclear weapons. All these talent spark an accidental nuclear war between these two countries, which may have spill over effect on all other countries of the region.Poverty of South Asia17. This region is the most poorest in the world. Every Nation bearing this problem because of bad governance, internal conflicts, corruption etc. Per capita income of all nations is low and GDP is also low. Because of pauperization, living standa rds of the majority of the people within this region is horrible. Some of the internal conflicts of the region are just because of poverty e.g. insurgency in Nepal, Maoist problem in some states of India etc.Conclusion18. Causes of wars varied with the changes of world systems in different ages. In the antediluvian days people used to fight wars for very simple causes. But with the technological and social advancement these causes have become complex and multi-dimensional. Today the contemporary schools of war divide the causes into two groups. Sometimes the State itself becomes the cause of war. Nationalism also considered as a major cause of war. utilisation of special interest groups in a state cannot be rule out both in developed and under-developed countries.19. The South Asia region has long been significant in the world affairs. Throughout the history this region was the central point of the western interest, which caused many wars. These ranged from minor irritants and n on-violent disputes to full-scale wars since the World state of war II. So far four conventional wars were fought in this region of which ternary were between India and Pakistan.20. Poverty within South Asia is one of the most challenging problems in the region. Boarder disputes, rivalry between India and Pakistan, sub-state nationalism are also the problems for this region which may cause wars. Solving this problem requires good leading in each nation, regional cohesiveness and far sight vision of regional leaders is necessary.