Annotated Timeline: 1763-1783 Essay

1763 The Proclamation of 1763 was a royal directive issued after the oddity of the cut and Indian War that prohibited settlement, surveys, and land grants west of the Appalachian Mountains. It was an exploit to organize western lands gained as a result of the 1763 Treaty of capital of France and it appease Native American tribes who lived in the areas. British North American colonists resented being denied access to lands they felt they had fought for and won in the French and Indian War.1764-Sugar Act A law passed by British Parliament which raise taxes on foreign refined sugar, leading to a monopoly in the air jacket Indies that was controlled by British sugar farmers. 1765-Stamp Act An set proposed by the British Parliament to require the use of stamps for entirely official documents, or articles. The act met large amounts of opposition and was repealed in 1766. 1765 Stamp Act Congress A meeting held in New York, after the Stamp Act. It was attended by some of the colonies representatives to devise unified protest against Britain. It is considered the first off attempt of such(prenominal) ideas. 1766-Declaratory Act Following the repeal of the Stamp Act, British Parliament reasserted its agency to pass laws on the colonies, even though they did not have representation.1767-Townshend Duties Charles Townshend taxed trade good from England such as, paper, lead, and glass. The taxes went straight to the British officials to make them better capable to enforce British law.1770-Boston Massacre A riot that broke tabu in Boston due to the colonists disliking for the British troops. The troops fired on the crowd, killing several people.(Boston Massacre 1770)1773-The Tea Act An act from British Parliament that gave them a monopoly unfair to American tea leaf merchants, which would lead to more(prenominal) tension. 1773-The Boston Tea Party In response to the Tea Act, a group of angry colonists boarded a British boat and tossed barrels of tea into the har bor in protest during the night.(Boston Tea Party-1773)1774- unsufferable Acts A series of laws passed by England in attempt to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. 1774-1st Continental Congress A meeting of all colonies (excluding Georgia) that was held in Philadelphia after the Intolerable Acts to discuss ways to rebel against Britain, such as boycotting their trade. 1775-Lexington & Concord The first military engagement between England soldiers and American colonists. Americans were on a mission to capture and destroy military supplies, alone the British had learned of their plans, and moved the supplies elsewhere. 1775-second Continental Congress A meeting of all colonies (excluding Georgia) that succeeded the 1st continental congress by having ideas of emancipation. By forming armies, appointing diplomats, and making orchis treaties, the congress acted as the national government. (Continental Congress)1775-Battle of Bunker Hill After reading of British intentions of occupying the hills around Boston, 1,700 colonists attempted to fight off British troops, but had to retread due to lack of ammunition. 1775-Olive Branch Petition An attempt to end bloodshed by sending a pact to King George, from the 2nd continental congress, stating that they will be loyal to him, if he repeals the Intolerable Acts. 1776-Common grit Written by doubting Thomas Paine, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the commonplace people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain. (Common Sense-1776)1776-Virginia Declaration of Rights A document written to proclaim the inwrought rights of man, including the right to rebel against an inadequate government. 1776-Declaration of Independence A statement follow by the continental congress that announced the 13 colonies regarded themselves as self-sufficing states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. 1777-Battle of Saratoga A battle fought 9 miles south of Saratoga, New York. The American forces under benedick Arnold and fellow commanders defeated the British General Burgoyne and laid the groundwork for the portal of France into the war on the American side. 1777-Articles of Confederation The first constitution of the 13 American colonies. It would eventually be replaced by the Constitution of the United States. 1778-Treat of love and Commerce/Treat of Alliance A commercial alliance sign-language(a) in Paris between the United States and the French. The conformity was signed during the revolutionary war.1779-Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom A document written by Thomas Jefferson stating that all people are entitled to practice any godliness and worship any god of their choosing. 1781-Battle of Yorktown Led by capital letter and the French commander Rochambeau, British troops were defeated in Yorktown, Virginia, as it proved to be a decisive victory for America. (Battle of Yorktown-1781)1783-Treaty of Paris The treaty that ended the war between America and England. Spain, France, and the Dutch were awarded land as a result.

Cell Phone Radiation

My purpose is to provide information on cadre skirt ir beam, the risks that whoremonger be ca utilised by jail prison carrell rally ph integrity beam, and the potential health problems that could result from this. Details of the theme I am going to call on the carpet intimately the arguments about how carrel shout actinotherapy stick out tinct our lives and whether these arguments argon accurate or non. cadreular teleph sensation and only(a) visit beam of light is a eccentric of electromagnetic shaft of light that has the ability to cause health issues.The radiation from this device can cause serious brain tumours, according to one study by Anna Lahkola of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland, which form that populate who use their cadre band for much than 2000 moments check a higher possibility of getting a brain tumour. The chance of getting a brain tumour increased from 40 to 270 part and well-nigh(prenominal) of the users tha t energy experience this aspect effect would be teenagers to people in their twenties.This is because it is people in this age stem who be most likely to use jail cell skirts/smart phones and they are also most likely to use the phones most frequently. There are several some otherwise health issues or risks out there that are linked to the physical exercise of cell phones such cancer, encephalonaches, Alzheimers disease, fatigue and Parkinsons disease. But it tranquillise has non been proved with 100 percent accuracy because so outlying(prenominal) e real scientist is getting different results. There is no consensus among scientists about the risks that associated with cell phone/smart phone radiation.A famous neurosurgeon Vini Khurana argued that if you use a cell phone for more than ten years you are very likely to get brain cancer. His conclusion seems more likely because he did a tenacious study about this and he mentions that other scientists drive home only do ne short term research on this matter. He states that a brain tumour can take up to 10 years to develop, so studies on the effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation should last at least that farsighted or longer.However, most scientists do not do studies that last long enough in his touch. Relevance A firearm back group 11 did their presentation on the history of radiation, where they discussed the twain types of radiation, ionizing and non-ionizing. Cell phones/smart phones would be in the non-ionizing category because they use a broken to mid frequency. In this diagram you can see the frequency for cell phones/smart phones is in the range from 0 to 10 in bike (Hz).Furthermore the group also mentioned that, even though the frequency for non-ionizing radiation is less dangerous, it is still possible to have side effects that may affect to our personal lives. There was a class where at the can we had a very brief discussion about radiation from electronics and the topic of c ell phones/smart phones was brought up by few students when they were asked about their opinion or personal experience. Some side effects they mentioned from using their cell phones/smart phones constantly were having problems falling asleep on with minor headaches. notice This voluntary assignment helps me because it provides some very interesting facts and debates about the side effects of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In this extend we have covered many different kinds of radiation, but we have not talked a lot about the radiation from technology. We presume this kind of radiation is too low to have serious effects on us. However, I remember that I actually had some problems when I used my IPhone (smart phone) two years ago.For instance, I started out with a headache that turned into a very serious migraine and lasted for one week. Im not sure if it is because I had just got my first phone and so I was using it a lot, but after doing this research into cell phone/smart phon e radiation. Im starting to think that this might be the problem that causes my headaches and migraines. Just recently when I moved to my youthful apartment, because I didnt have a small table adjoining to my bed, I honk the phone under my rest for about one month and I was getting frequent headaches.So I hope in headaches as a potential side effect of cell phone/smart phone radiation. In fact, Im a little bit worried about brain tumours, even though most research and debates are not official. However what I have experienced claims it seem like the potential side effects could be true. Our use of technology is growing and we take technology for granted, so that we very rarely stop to consider the radiation that is associated with our technology. This is something I think we should have intercourse more about, even if the risks are minimal.Conclusion Because of doing this assignment, I have anchor out that theres a lot of debate about the risks that are associated with cell p hone/smart phone radiation. Even though most scientists believe there are few to no risks from this type of radiation, I believe this issue hasnt been studied enough for us to determine what the real risks are. However I intend to be more careful from now in how I use my phone. I unquestionably wont be sleeping with my phone under my pillow anymore.Referenceshttp//www.naturalnews.com/021634_ sprightly_phones_brain_tumors.htmlhttp//www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone-radiation2.htmCell Phone RadiationThe radiation protection to be good cell phone radiation During normal use, over half of the radiation transmitted by your mobile phone is absorbed by your head or body. Around 80% of the phones microwave emissions are absorbed by the head. Only shielding or distance to the phone can crucify their severe impact. The United Nations World Health Organization has classified mobile phone radiation as possibly cancer causing and force out that it is important for mobile phone users to minim ize movie by utilizing reach free devices or texting. Always use speaker systemphone or proven radiation safety accessories.Steps that should be take to reduce cell phone radiation use the speakerphone because the cell phone radiation drops exponentially by distance, so, the supercharge away(p) the phone is from your head the better. limit the use to essential calls and prolong calls short because even a two minute call has been found to alter the natural electrical activity of the brain for up to an hour after-wards. children should not be allowed to use the cell phone, except in emergencies because their skulls are still developing and the radiation can penetrate much more deeply. use an air tube headset (not steady wired headset) because research has shown that regular wired headset could transmit radiation into the ear canal. do not put cell phone in your pocket or belt while in use or while it is on because men who split up cell phones near their groin could have t heir sperms count dropped by as much as 30%. if using phone without a headset, deferral for the call to connect before placing phones next to the ear because radiation take is higher while phone is still trying to make a connection. Most cell phones emit the most adiation when they first connect with the cell tower. do not use the cell phones in enclosed metallic element spaces such as vehicles or elevators because phones need more power to make connection. The metal enclosure also traps the radiation and reflects it back at the occupants. do not make a call when the signal strength is one bar or less because the phone must work harder to imbed a connection and thus emits more radiation. buy a phone with low radiation rating because the phones SAR ( Specific Absorption Rate ) can be found in manual.The lower the SAR value from the FCC limit of 1. 6 W/kg , the better. use scientifically proven cell phone radiation reducing or protection device. Keep Your Distance because the color of cell phone radiation diminishes quickly as your distance from your cell phone increases, and every millimeter counts. You can protect yourself from the effects of cell phone radiation by holding your cell phone away from your body and use a wireless Bluetooth headset or earpiece, which emit radiation at far lower levels than cell phones.Other than that, you can carry your cell phone away from your body in a purse, briefcase or computing device bag not in your pocket where it is pressed up against you. essay Texting, Not Talking When you send a text message from your cell phone, you hold your phone away from your body, and far away from your head, which reduces your exposure to radiation. come up a Strong Signal and Stay Put -When your cell phone has a weak signal, it has to work harder to transmit and receive, and that equals higher bursts of radiation.You face the comparable problem when you are moving quickly riding in a car, bus or train, for example because your cell phone is forced to repeatedly emit new bursts of radiation as it connects to different cell towers along your route. Use the Toggle Method you can reduce your radiation exposure by holding the phone away from your ear when you are lecture and only bringing it close to listen. Using a headset or speaker mode is still the better option, but the toggle method can cut the amount of radiation your brain and body absorbs.

Public Policy and Section Assessment

Chapter 9 element 1 p. 240 Section Assessment 1-4 1. What is a world policy? A usual policy is a goal a government creates and accomplishes them. 2. List and diagnose the iii main ideas in which political parties and stake convocations differ. Political parties heighten on nominations, on their goals and on their absorbs. Interest groups may promote a substructuredidate, but the political society is in charge of the nominations. The political party is more concerned around the person who will be in charge of the government rather than the policies the government will create. . (a) How do pertain groups stimulate interest in public affairs? They promote policies they favor and oppose those they fear as threats to their concerns. (b) Name at least three additional functions of interest groups. They unite with other people around the demesne to promote their concern. They provide detailed information to the government to address their concerns. They second as check-and-b alances for the political process. 4. On what bases be interest groups often criticized? somewhat interest schools do not represent all the views they claim to speak.They can as well use tactics to undermine the political system. They may also not represent all the people they claim to represent. Chapter 9 Section 2 p. 247 Section Assessment 2-4 2. (a) What are the four study types of economically based interest groups? Business, Labor, Agricultural, and Professional (b) List an example of a major type. A major type of organization is the American Medical Association, which focuses on the concerns of doctors. (c) How does a trade association differ from a restriction total?A trade association is an interest group for business, while labor unions are interest group for workers that work in the same industry. Chapter 9 Section 3 p. 254 Section Assessment 1-4, & p. 257 1. For what three reasons do interest groups reach out to the public? They reach out to the public to packet in formation that is necessary for the people to know. Also, they reach out to the public to claver a positive image on their interest group. Finally, they do so to encourage a public policy to be passed. 2. (a) Why do interest groups use propaganda?They use propaganda to work out the behavior and belief of people. (b) light upon at least three major propaganda techniques. They use bandwagon, which is when people are encouraged to take an action because everyone else is doing so. The plain-folks approach is where people must espouse an action because it pretends to be one of the common people. Finally, the name-calling is where the opposing policy by calling negative nicknames to them to define the views of people towards them. 3. (a) Why do interest groups try to influence political parties?Interest groups influence political parties in order to gain support for the passing of their public policies when the candidate of a political party holds office in the government. (b) What i s a single-interest group? This group focuses on one particular issue and creates public policies concerning it. 4. How is lobbying used to influence public policy? Lobbying is used to influence public policy by pressuring legislators to bear aspects of the public policy-making process. Analyzing Political Cartoons 28 & 29 28. (a) What does the construction in the cartoon represent?The building represent the government and the public policies made for the people. (b) What is the source of the words on the building? All the citizens of the coupled States have the right to represent themselves in the government. 29. What is the cartoon saying about the influence of special-interest groups on the political process? Interest groups have a great impact on the governments public policies. exclusively those who are great in numbers can cause an influence in the government. Individuals must form into interest-groups in order to have a voice in the government.

Money and Banking Study Guide Chapter 1-5

Chapter 1- Why study gold, Banking and pecuniary Markets? Why be pecuniary Markets Important? Financial grocerys ar crucial to promoting greater economic ability by channeling bullion from volume who do non eat a productive use for them to those who do. Well functioning monetary markets be a key factor in producing high economic harvest- snip, and poorly playing financial markets, vice versa. Financial markets and intermediaries have the basic function of get people together by moving cash in hand from those who have a surplus of cash in hand to those who have a shortage of bills. The Importance of lodge in measureOn a personal take, high engross judge fucking deter you from buying a house or a car because the woo of financing would be too high. Conversely, they could encourage you to exempt because you earn more(pre titular) than than sake by putting your gold out in savings. ON a more general direct, enliven group rate affect the overall healt h of the saving because they affect non lone(prenominal) consumers bequeathingness to spend but besides businesses enthronisation decisions. High use up rank for example mogul cause a club to postpone construction a new establish that would appropriate more jobs. The Importance of StocksOn a personal take the fluctuations in stock legal injurys affect the size of peoples wealth and as a result may affect their willingness to spend. On a general level, it affects business investment decisions since the expense of sh ars affects the add up of funds that can be raised by commute newly emersiond stock to finance investment spending. A higher(prenominal) hurt for a regulars shares means that it can raise a big amount of funds, which it can use to buy production facilities and equipment. A higher terms means it can raise a larger amount of funds, which it can use to buy production facilities and equipment.Role of Financial Intermediaries Financial intermediarie s are institutions that latch on funds from people who have deliver and in turn compensate gives to an other(prenominal)(prenominal)wises. Banks are include in this category. They gestate deposits and make contributes. These include mercantile cashboxs, savings and loan associations, unwashed savings banks and credit unions. Investment banks are, insurance companies, mutual funds etc. are a different category. Money growth and swelling Inflation may be tied to continuing pluss in the growth rate of the property add.Countries with the highest pretension are those with the highest money growth judge. Questions Quantitative easing is through by the Federal Reserve buying more splices. This is how they decrease the bet rate. whence, since the Federal reserve said they will be keeping the interest rate close to zero for the next deuce years, is this non considered QE3? How m whatsoever a(prenominal) shares of stock are too much? Cant a company infinitely raise mo ney than? Like when does it become a problem in terms of ownership? When 51% is in the detention of the public? Are stock profits considered cash flow for a company?Chapter 2- An Overview of the Financial System Indirect finance vs. Direct Finance In direct finance sorbers borrow funds directly from wreakers in financial markets by distributeing them securities that are claims on the borrowers approaching income or additions. In indirect finance, leaveer-savers provide funds to financial intermediaries, who provide funds to borrower and spenders, as salutary as into financial markets. This financial go-between borrows funds from the lenders savers and and so using these funds make loans to borrower-spenders. This process is called financial intermediation.It is more feasible for them to do this because of their economies of scale and ability to shy rancid transaction costs. Also it provides liquidity services, and risk share-out. This process of risk sharing is also roughly durations referred to as asset transformation, because in a sense, groundless assets are turned into safer assets for investors. Firm and Individual Ways to Obtain finances First way is to come a debt instrument such(prenominal) as a wedge or a mortgage. Second is by superlative funds through issuing equities, such as common stock. federal agencyicular vs. Secondary MarketPrimary is where new issues of a credential such as a bond or sock are interchange to initial buyers by the corporation or government agency espousal the funds. A secondary market is a financial market in which securities that have been previously issued can be re exchange. An investment bank assists in the initial sale of securities in the simple market by underwriting the securities it guarantees a value for a corporations securities and then sells them to the public. A corporation acquires new funds only when its securities are first sold in the primary market. Importance of Secondary marketsAlthough they dont directly enlarge corporations stock they nonetheless serve two important functions. (1) they make it easier and faster to sell these financial instruments to raise cash that is they make the it more liquid. This ontogenesis liquidity then makes them more desirable and hence easier for issuing firm to sell in the primary market. (2), the secondary market determines the price of the security that the issuing firm sells in the primary market. The investors buying in the primary will pay the corporation no more than the price they think the secondary market will set for the security.Brokers vs. Dealers Brokers are agents of investors who match buyers with sellers of securities stars crosstie buyers and sellers by buying and selling securities at stated prices. A dealer is a person who will buy and sell securities on their account. On the other hand, a broker is one who will buy and sell securities for their clients. When dealing with securities, dealers make all decisi ons in respect of purchases. On the other hand, a broker will only make purchases as per the clients wishes. While dealers have all the rights and reedom regarding the buying and selling of securities, brokers rarely have this freedom and these rights. Money Market vs. Markets The money market is a financial market in which only short-term debt instruments are traded. The metropolis market is the market in which longer-term debt instruments and equity instruments are traded. Money markets are usually more widely traded so tend to be more liquid. Short-term securities are also less volatile in prices than long-term securities, devising them more safer investments. Certificate of Deposit (CD)Is a debt instrument sold generally by commercial banks that pay annual interest of a habituated amount and at maturity pays screen the original purchase price. They are sold in the secondary market. Repurchase Agreements (Repos) These are efficaciously short-term loans usually with a matu rity of less than two weeks, for which treasury bills serve as collateral, an asset that the lender receives if the borrower does not pay back the loan. A large corporation for example may have some idle funds in its bank account judge $1 million that it would like to lend for a week.Microsoft uses this excess $1mil to buy treasury bills from a bank, which agrees to repurchase them the next week at a price slightly above Microsofts purchase price. The make is that Microsoft makes a loan of $1 million ot the bank and holds $1 million of the banks treasury bills until the bank repurchase the bills to pay off the loan. Federal capital and Federal Funds rate These are confusing because the national official funds designation is not to be conf utilize with loans made by the federal government. It is rather by banks to other banks.One reason they might borrow from other banks is to meet the amount required by regulators. The federal funds rate is a closely watched barometer of the t ightness of credit market conditions in the banking system. Its the interest rate at which depository institutions actively trade balances held at the Federal Reserve, called federal funds, with each other, usually overnight. When high that means banks are strapped for funds, when low, banks credit needs are low. Thus with a high federal funds rate banks require more money reserve in their vaults and thus cant issue out loans as regularly. unsymmetric Information Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard When one caller often does not know enough about the other company to make accurate decisions. For example a borrower who dos out a loan usually has better information about the potential generates and risk associated with the investment projects for which the funds are earmarked than the lender does. Lack of information creates problems on two fronts in advance the transaction is entered into and after. Adverse Selection The problem created by noninterchangeable information before th e transaction occurs.It occurs when the potential borrowers who are the nigh in all likelihood to produce an undesirable (adverse) outcome the bad credit risks- are the ones who about actively seek out al oan are are thus most likely to be selected. Moral Hazard The problem created by asymmetric information after the transaction occurs. It is the risk and hazard that the borrower might engage in activities that are undesirable from the lenders evidence of view because they make it less likely that the loan will be salaried back. When you make a loan, it is usually by trust that they do what they say theyll do with the money.Depository Institutions Commercial banks, savings and loan Associations, vernacular Savings Banks, cite Unions. These are financial intermediaries, referred to as simply banks in the text, that accept deposits from individuals and institutions and make loans. Thrift Institutions are all of these minus commercial banks. Commercial Banks Raise funds primaril y by issuing checkable deposits, savings deposits, they then use these funds to make commercial, consumer, and mortgage loans and to buy US government securities and municipal bonds.They are the largest financial intermediary and have the most alter portfolios of assets. Savings and bestow Associations and Mutual Savings Banks Obtain funds primarily through savings deposits often called shares and cartridge clip checkable deposits. Over time they have been less constrained and are turning into commercial banks. Credit Unions Usually very small cooperative lending institutions organized rough a particular group union members, employees of a particular firm, and so forth. They acquire funds form deposits called shares and primarily make consumer loans. Contractual Savings InstitutionsFinancial intermediaries that acquire funds at periodic intervals on a contractual basis, since they can predict with reasonable accuracy how much they will have to pay out in benefits in the coming y ears. runniness is not as important. Involve life insurance companies, fire and happening insurance companies, and pension and government retirement funds. Finance Companies Raise funds by selling commercial paper and by issuing stocks and bonds. They lend funds to consumers who make purchases of items and to small businesses. Some are organized by parent corporations to help sell its product. Mutual FundsAcquire funds by selling shares to many individuals and use the proceeds to purchase diversified portfolios of stocks and bonds. Mutual funds allow shareholders to pool their resources so that they can take advantage of lower transaction costs when buying large blocks of stocks or bonds. Money Market Mutual Funds Similar to a mutual fund but they also function to an extent as a depository institution. They sell shares to acquire funds that are then employ to buy money market instruments that are both safe and liquid. A key feature is that shareholders can write checks against th e value of their share guardianships.Investment Banks It is not a bank or a financial intermediary in the ordinary sense that is, it does not take in deposits and then lend them out. Instead, an Investment Bank is a different type of intermediary that helps a corporation issue securities. First it advises the corporation on which type of securities to issue (stocks or bonds) then it helps sell (underwrite) the securities by purchasing them from the corporation at a predetermined price and reselling them in the market. They also act as deal makers and earn enormous fees by helping corporations acquire other companies through mergers and acquisitions.Regulations involved Restrictions on entry, only those who have impeccable certification and a large amount of initial funds are given a charter as a financial intermediary. Stringent reporting requirements for financial intermediaries. Restrictions on certain assets and activities. Deposit Insurance, Limits on Competition. Also, ther e is a restriction on interest rates that can be paid on deposits. These commands were instituted because of the widespread believe that unrestricted interest-rate compensation helped encourage bank failures during the Great Depression.In terms of regulation abroad, the major differences between financial regulation in the US vs. Abroad relate to bank regulation as in the past the US was the only industrialized terra firma to subject banks to restrictions on branching which limited banks size. Questions When a company issues a secondary IPO, is it in the primary market or secondary market? Chapter 3 What is Money? What are the requirements for Money? (1) Must be good standardized making it simple to ascertain its value (2) It essential be widely accepted (3) It must be divisible so that it sonant to make change (4) It must be easy to carry and (5) It must not deteriorate quickly.Examples have included strings of beds used by Indians, to tobacco, and whiskey, to cigarettes. Fun ctions of Money Money is used as (1) a culture medium of exchange to pay for goods and services (2) a unit of account used to verse value in the economy (3) a store of value used to save purchasing power from the time income is received until the time it is spent. trade good Money Money made up of valued metals or another valuable commodity is called commodity money. Problem is that it is hard to send. Fiat Money Paper funds.It has the advantage of being much lighter than coins or precious metal, but it can be accepted as a medium of exchange only if there is trusting in the authorities that issue it and if printing has reached a sufficiently advanced stage that counterfeiting is extremely difficult. study drawbacks are that they are easily stolen and can be expensive to transport in large amounts because of their bulk. To combat this there has been the invention of checks. Monetary Aggregates M1 = Currency + Travelers Checks + inquire deposits + Other checkable deposits.M2 = M1 + small denomination time deposits + savings deposits and money market deposit accounts + money market mutual fund shares. M1 is the most liquid while M2 is money including assets that have check-writing features and other assets that can be turned into cash quickly at footling cost, but are not as liquid. Chapter 4 Understanding come to pass judgment Simple Loan PV = CF/(1+i)n, theres not payments in between, its just the lender provides the borrower with an mount of funds (principal) which is then repaid back to lender at the end of the maturity (can be any amount of years) as well as an interst.Fixed Payment Loan Lender provides borrower with an amount of funds which must be repaid by making the same payment every period consisting of part principal and part interest. Coupon attach Your normal type of bond, pays interest by voucher payment, price changes, principal at end. Corporate bonds, treasury bonds, all are coupon bonds. Discount adherence Zero-Coupon Bond, this is a type of coupon bond where it is bought at a price below its baptismal font value and the face value is repaid at the end of the maturity date. However it does not make any interest payments. Its coupon rate = 0. YTM = F-P / P perpetuityType of coupon bond that is a perpetual bond and has no maturity date where it repays a principal amount. P = C/i Current Yield With long-term bonds or perpetuities, I = C/P and this just equals the current turn out. Distinction Between please Rates and Returns A lender is not better off if the interest rate rises. How well a person does by holding a bond or any other security depends on their assets return. Here for a bond, the return is defined as the payments to the owner plus the change in its value, evince as a fraction of its price. R = C+P2-P1 / P1. R = i + g.. = Coupon rate + rate of capital gain. great fluctuations with Long end point Bonds When interest rates rise, long-term bonds bear the worse center since their grant values a re taken into far far into the future, so their prices are more drastically changing. The more distant a bonds maturity the greater the size of the percentage price change associated with an interest rate change. Its all because of the change in capital growth. gratify Rate Risk Prices and returns for long-term bonds are more volatile than those for shorter-term bonds. The hazard of an assets return that results form interest rate changes is called interest-rate risk.Bonds with a maturity that is as short as the holding period have no interest rate risk. This is true only for discount bonds and zero-coupon bonds. The key is to recognize that the price at the end of the holding period is already fixed at face value, the change in interest rates then have no effect on the price at the end of the holding period for thos bonds, and the return will indeed be equal to the yield to maturity. Fisher Equation Nominal interest rate always equals the material interest rate + the judgeed rate of flash. Chapter 5 The Behavior of interest Rates Determinants of Asset Demand 1) Wealth Increasing wealth creates more resources available with which to purchase assets and therefore beat of assets we remove increases. (2) expect Returns An increase in an assets expected return sexual congress to substitute(a) assets raises the bar of assets we withdraw. (3) Risk The degree of risk or uncertainty of an assets returns also affects the demand for the asset. Increasing risk decreasing the quantity of assets demanded. (4) Liquidity The more liquid an asset is relative to utility(a) assets, the more desirable it is and greater the quantity demanded. What determines interest rates?Theres two theories the Bond Market modeling and the Money Market good example called the Liquidity option. The best Theory is the combination of the two. Demand Curve in the Bond Market As the interest rate rises, or prices of the bonds decrease, people or willing to lend out more mon ey therefore increase their quantity of buying bonds. This explains the negative slope of the bond demand curve. Supply Curve in the Bond Market As the interest rates rise, or prices of the bonds decrease, people are less willing to borrow by selling bonds considering that their interest payments are higher. thus as interest rates increases, quantity of bonds decrease thereby explaining the positive slope of the sum up curve. Shifts in the Demand for Bonds The theory of asset demand demonstrated before provides factors which cause the demand curve for bonds to shift. Therefore these four parameters are included (1) Wealth Increase in wealth increases demand for bonds. This is because with higher wealth, there is a growing business expansion, and therefore people are willing to lend out money more. Also, propensity to save, if households save more, wealth increases and demand for bonds rises. 2) Expected Returns Increase in expected returns on bonds relative to alternative assets increases demand for bonds. (through expected interest rates and expected inflation) a. Interest Rates E higher(prenominal) expected interest rates in the future, say 10% to 20%, would make toa sharp decline in price and a very large negative turn. Therefore if people expect higher interest rates next year, the demand for bonds will decrease. b. Inflation Rate E An increase in the expected rate of inflation lowers the expected return for bonds.This is because a change in expected inflation is likely to increase the return on physical assets relative to bonds, therefore leading to a fall in relative return on bonds therefore decreasing asset demand. (3) Risk Increasing risk of bonds relative to alternative assets decreases demand for bonds. (4) Liquidity Increasing liquidity of bonds relative to alternative assets increases demand for bonds. Shifts in the Supply Curve (1) Profitability of Investment Greater economic expansions yield increases in supply of bonds.The more profitab le plant and equipment investments that a firm expects it can make, the more willing will borrow. When the economy is growing rapidly, investment opportunities that are expected to be profitable abound, and the quantity of bonds supplied at any given bond price will increase. (2) Expected Inflation When inflation is expected to rise, the truly cost of borrowing is more accurately measured by the real interest rate which is the nominal rate minus the expected inflation rate, thus real cost of borrowing falls hence quantity of bonds supplied increases. 3) government Budget Higher government deficits increase the supply of bonds and shift the supply curve to the right. Government surpluses however do the opposite. Fisher Equation WHEN EXPECTED INFLATION RISES concern RATES WILL RISE Changes in the Interest Rate collectible to a Business Expansion In an expansion, the amount of goods and services produced in the economy increase so the national income increases and therefore weal th increases. Therefore demand for bonds increases. At the same, opportunities that are profitable also increase and supply for bonds increase as people want to borrow more.Therefore what happens? Theoretically, nothing, quantity of bonds increases but price/interest rate can go each way. According to data though, usually the supply effect demand effect as more people invest in new opportunities. Therefore interest rates generally rise during an economic expansion. Business Cycles and Interest Rates Data shows that interest rates rise during business pedal expansions and fall during contractions. Focusing into the Money market now. Liquidity Preference Framework says that the analysis of the money market is the same as the analysis of the bond market.Bs Bd = Md Ms. The reason that we approach both in the stopping point of interest rates with both cloths is that the bond supply and demand framework is easier to use when analyzing the make from changes in expected inflation, w hereas the liquidity preference framework provides a simpler analysis of the effects from changes in income, the price level, and the supply of money. Demand Curve for Money REMEMBER THAT FOR THE MONEY MARKET THE Y axis of rotation IS INTERST RATE ICNREASING. As interest rates rise, the opportunity cost of holding money increases therefore quantity demanded for money decreases.The Federal reserve controls the amount of money supplied therefore they are able to cause it into equilbirum. Liquidity Preference Framework Shifts in Demand for Money (1) Income A higher level of income causes the demand for money at each interest rate to increase and the demand curve to shift right. People want to hold more money. Thus interest rates will rise. (2) Price- take magnetic core When price level rises the same nominal quantity of money is no longer as valuable it cannot be used to purchase as many real goods or services. To restore their holdings of money in real terms to its former level pe ople want to hold more money.Therefore increase the price level increases the demand for money. Thus interest rates will rise. Liquidity Preference Framework Shifts in Supply of Money (1) scarcely changes by the federal reserve. Now Combining Liquidity Preference and Bond Framewor When we Increase the MS (1) Income Effect Because an increasing money supply is an expansionary find on the economy, it should raise national income and wealth. Both the LP and BSD framwork indicate that interest rates will then rise. Thus the income effect of an increase in the money supply is a rise in interest rates. (2) Price Level Effect An increase in the money supply causes verall price level in the economy to rise. The liquidity preference framework indicates that this will lead to a rise in interest rates. (3) Expected Inflation Effect The higher inflation rate that results from an increase in the MS also affects interest rates by affecting the expected inflation rate. The Bond Supply framew ork believes this leads to higher levels of interest rates. But does a higher rate of Growth of the Money Supply Lower Interest Rates? Of all the effects, only the liquidity effect indicates that a higher rate of money growth will cause a decline in interest rates.In contrast, the income, price level and expected inflation effects indicate that interest rates will rise when money growth is higher. Generally the liquidity effect from the greater money growth takes effect immediately because the rising money supply leads to an immediate decline in the equilbrium interest rate. The income and price level effects take tim to work because it takes time for the increase money supply to raise the price level and income which in turn raise interest rates. The expected inflation rate can be slow or fast depnding on wether or not people adjust expcations quik enough.

Ancient Art

Panel of Lions- Chauvet Caves Queen Nefertari Art history is a record of how battalion in the past lived, felt, and acted it allows us a glimpse of a great ago deceased culture. To look at Ancient Greek fine art is to realize the importance and accomplishments of human beings. Though the Greeks used art to esteem the Gods, it was those same Gods that were created in human image. Even their sculpture, pottery, and temples, were created under the fundamental normal of arte, meaning to reach superstars fullest potential. Without Romes influence, we would not have concrete or the Pantheon, which is still in use today.While more secular and utilitarian in form, the Romans positive the use of the arch, the vault, and the dome, prima(p) for a much grander form of architecture. From the Greeks example, the Romans developed mosaic decorations, which became a very important aspect of patrician domestic help decoration. The Paleolithic Period is referred to as the Stone Age, mainly bec ause stone artifacts be the only artifacts that have survived. In Paleolithic characterizations, the images of humans r arly step forward and when they do they are more simplified and abstract than the images of animals, which portray an expressive naturalism. observe by three countermine explorers in 1994, the Chauvet Caves, located in the Ardeche theatrical role of Southern France date back to around 30,000 BC. The near famous cave findings in the world, this Pont d Arc find holds the oldest known paintings. Painted in brown coal and earthen pigments, lifelike images of horses, rhinoceroses, tigers, and other animals that long ago became extinct say us what life was like for our ancestors. It has long been the belief of scholars that the purpose groundwork this naturalistic art was to bring the spirit of the animals into the rituals of the hunt.It is believed that he Chauvet Caves were used as a sanctuary where the Paleolithic people initiated their youth in ceremonies. T his supposition is based on both symbolic and metaphysical associations with the animals portrayed in these ancient cave paintings. The Chauvet Cave features a coveted scene of a pride of lions hunting together for bison as this was a permanent stake of inhabitation for man, this art represents a level of development for mankind. Chauvet Caves is divided into twain parts. While the first part is mainly red images with some filthy imagery, the second part is mainly black images of animals.Along with the pride of lions is a painting of three horses More than 60% of the animals identified at Chauvet-Pont-d-Arc were considered dangerous large animals. These animals represent the animals that primitive man hunted at the time. It is surprising the count of shading and perspective that went into the creation of these cave creations. These refinements contrast greatly with the images we are used to seeing. Egypt, known for such mesmerizing works as The neat Pyramids, had deserts on b oth sides of the Nile.Because of this, Egypt remained relatively unscathed from utside influence for 2,500 geezerhood, leading to their own distinctive style of architecture, painting, and sculpture. While their religious belief rivet largely on life after death, care and preservation of the dead body was essential for extending life beyond the grave. Upon death, bodies of royalty and nobility were embalmed together with attach to artifacts, tools, and furniture, they were then buried in pyramids or in hidden tube-shaped structure grave accents. Architects put great effort into funerary structures. As a result, most of what we know about ancient Egypt comes from such tombs.Frank, 2010). Nefertaris tomb is considered to be one of the best preserved, most eloquent paintings of any Egyptian burial site. Discovered in 1904 by archaeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli, he spent two years excavating both this site and other sites around the Valley of the Queens with extra success. Humanity and humidity, mixed with landslides and salt deposits, had left the tomb in disconsolate condition. In 1986, the Ministry of Culture and the Egyptian Antiquities Organization in Cooperation with Getty Conservation represent were determined to complete restore Queen Nefertaris tomb.Queen Nefertari was believed to be King Ramesses IIs favored wife, and as such, he commissioned a beautifully painted tomb in a small rock-cut temple for her to be placed following to his own. It was located in the Valley of the Queens, which is located in Thebes. Reigning during the nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty, the queens tomb consisted of several rooms and hallways with paintings of Queen Nefertari in mingled positions doing many different things. At the entrance is a depiction of a sun between Isis and Nephythys, which leads into an offering hall, with several paintings that show the Queen in worship and offering items to different Gods.

American Public Education

Maddie Mellor College Writing 24-102 Dr. Boggs American Public Education Today, rearing enables us to hit the ceiling our familiarity and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each scripted by a different author, at that place was a lesson learned and roundthing to take out from each one. Reading by means of the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contri anded his or her draw a bead on of view on general worldly concern genteelness. This result can be very quarrelsome depending on the quality of knowledge people receive.Education at once is the single approximately important mean for individuals to achieve their personal goals in the workforce. In Horace Manns Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he gives his opinion active exclusively the different sorts of education. Examples such as, physical, intellectual, political, moral, and religious education entirely play a ta ke sentence off in who we grow up to be. This is why quality education is so important. Horace Mann makes a point that national civilises follow strict rules and curriculum, which transforms all scholarly persons to become the same person.He asks the question, Does education empower us? Or does it human knee personal growth by squeezing us into prefabricated cultural molds? (Mann, scallywag 123). The type of education we receive can critically shape and call down our identities either in a negative or positive way. iodin example of a negative view would be the story written by Michael Moore. He explains how our country is simply a bunch of idiots. In the passage entitled Idiot Nation written by Michael Moore, he discusses his opinion on Americans now and our lack of knowledge.He feels like we roll in the hay in a nation of idiots. Moore believes that although in that respect is a large number of headless people in our country, we all have the capability to be very smar t and expand our minds to more than things than we genuineize. He referenced high develop seniors and said that they ar trained to live the same routine both day of their lives as students. Teachers tell them, Dont do this, wear outt do that, tuck your shirt in, wipe that smile discharge your face, wheres your hall pass, and DETENTION (Moore, page 134).Mostly invariablyy student today is treated like this and it is all they have ever know when it comes to discipline. any student today has the same responsibilities and the same consequences if you do not puzzle through them. I, as a former high school student, completely sum with what Moore discusses in this story because every student is looked upon the same way, and if a student demanded respect from faculty, he or she had to earn it. However, Moores believability does not reflect much on his strong opinions about public schooling.Considering he was a college dropout over well up-nighthing as silly as not being able to find a parking spot doesnt seem acceptable for us to c ar for what he has to prove about education. Being a responsible student and providing yourself the best education is partly up to the student themselves and each child in a public school has the capability to teach themselves anything they want to learn if they plainly put their mind to it. Learning to Read written by Malcolm X tells a story about himself and how he taught himself to read.Personally, I thought this was the roughly enkindle to read about because it proves just how far one can real come if he or she is driven and determined to accomplish something. Malcolm X was motivated by the knowledge he was surrounded with and wanted to be able to communicate. He was inspired by everything he had never known and said, I was because of my letters that I happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education (X page 210). At that point in his biography, he was determined to do something no one has ever tried before, and that was to teach himself how to read.He said that, the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary to study and learn some words (X, page 211). Before long, Malcolm X was a fluent speaker unit and a very successful writer. He had a wide knowledge for speech and vocabulary because of the time he spent devoted to learning. However, there are things one can learn on their own just by going out into the real world. John Taylor Gatto wrote about the topic of boredom in his story A get tost School. He was an award-winning educator, so most believed his statements about education to be true because he was such a credible source.Gatto discusses his belief of having children learn more of what they will need to live on their own in the real world. He wants students to take their education with them out into the world preferably of learning pointless material in public school that will never be applied to the real world. Gatto references this to boredom and uses it as an example of why some children do not enjoy school. Material that is required to be taught bores students easily, and does not expand their minds to subjects they are interested in. He asks, Do we really need school?I dont mean education, just forced schooling six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for dozen years (Gatto, page 148-149). Students are trained to become addicts of everyday school and it strips them of responsibility and independence. Eventually, once we can understand the tricks and traps of public schooling, we can vitiate them. In I Just Wanna Be Average, microphone Rose goes anchor to his years in school, in which he also referred to them as git level classes. Throughout his schooling, he was placed in low-ranking classes by accident, but decided to move on to the more academically advanced track.Rose goes in depth about each and every one of his instructors, and describes his classmates he was near during the time being durin g the time he was in the low classes. The students Mike Rose has class with were discouraging for him to be around and he mentioned that the vocational track he was on, is most often a place for those who are just not making it, a dumping ground for the alienate (Rose, par. 159). He explains that his teachers acted like they could care less about teaching their students and instead use physical violence or a lack of lesson plans to dominance them.I personally believe that teachers today do not act this way. As a former high school student, teachers are encouraged to assistance their students with anything they might need. That is their job and what they are supposed to do is teach. If a teacher is not able to assist you in something, they simply are not doing their job correctly. Education is looked upon as a very important part of someones life and determines ones future. This simply shows that if students are driven overflowing to further their education and improve their live s, teachers are there to help play them.In the last passage From Social clear up and the Hidden Curriculum of Work, denim Anyon proposes that certain aspects of teaching show that there is possibly a enigmatical curriculum in schools based on the performance of the students as well as their social status. She investigated details of each schools curriculum from different areas and in most peoples opinion, schools are ranked by their socioeconomic status as whole. Implying that the quality of education is worst for working class schools and best for the more elite schools, there are strategies to go above and beyond.Though she does not necessarily agree with this opinion, she does define the purpose of schoolwork, and she says, Schoolwork helps one to achieve, to excel, to prepare for life (Anyon, page 172). Between every twist and turn that is found through education. We are all here to achieve the same goal, simply because we want to be successful. Its obvious that education ha s improved over time and more people have been taking advantage of the opportunity to gain knowledge and better themselves.Each one of these authors proves important points to consider about education and to form your own opinion. There is a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive, however, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. Education today is the single most important means for individuals to achieve their personal goals and be successful. Mann, Horace. Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education. eighth ed. capital of Massachusetts Bedford St Martins, 2012. * Moore, Michael. Idiot Nation. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St Martins, 2012. 134. * Malcolm X, . Learning to Read. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St Martins, 2012. 210-211. * Gatto, John Taylor. Against School. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St Martins, 2012. 148-149. * Rose, Mike. I Just Wanna Be Average. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St Martins, 2012. 159. * Anyon, Jean. From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work. 8th ed. Boston Bedford St Martins, 2012. 172.

Health Care Utilization Paper Essay

Well it seems like partnership wellness centers expand to provide plow for those with little or no income. The federal government abide provide funding to develop superfluous access to medical checkup communities that are struggling financially. People in the U.S. give health care services for many moderatenesss, to prevent disease, prevent hereafter illnesses, and to eliminate pain. Men have the tendency to wait until the last second to check their health status or until they develop a symptom. Women on the other hand are different in this aspect. The factors that tushs health care utilization is that the site he is in, his approved medical student is 40 minutes away and that the appointment has to be set 2 weeks in advance. That creates a dilemma in johns keep because now he feels like he is stuck without an option. There is a ascendant to solve this problem if we take the information that is given in the story. With John and his daddys condition, that makes it mor e difficult to get the appropriate care that they need because they have to wait for two weeks to get treated.I suppose that with the proximity and the times that they accept patients because they dont offer pass and evening hours, I think John should find another option. The variety show of insurance he has, the area he lives in, his level of income, his pane issues and his health conditions are some of the factors that affect John. You cant put your health on hold if it needs immediate attention then you should go and seek what is nearest to you regardless of the coverage. There are local doctors and him and his fuss both should go before things progress further. I think that the factors that are equal, they can be mutable and immutable. Things that could be mutable can be that John could possibly get a job that already has skilful health insurance coverage instead of having to rely on Medicaid. He could get a higher tolerateing job to pay for the medical expenses if he doe snt have health coverage. John can smorgasbord his living arrangements and move closer to a health care quickness that accepts his form of insurance such as Medicaid and that could help him to be in the distance of getting better health care.Also John has transportation issues so to solve that, if John has doctors appointments,Medicaid can pay for the ride at no charge to get him to his destination. That is an added benefit that Medicaid offers and is precise useful. The things that are immutable are Johns health condition, that situation cannot be modified or changed as well as his flummoxs health condition. It can be with proper nutrition or change the lifestyle but probably, the condition is unlikely to change.Aside from John and his Primary Care Provider, some other stakeholders involved in receiving Medicaid can include senior Medicaid and agency leadership, the State legislature and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The reason for a stakeholder is for c are management and managing expectations of the care program. The rise and cost and spending effects that many stakeholders include are things like the consumer, government, physicians, and elderly. Healthcare toll and Utilization Project (HCUP). August 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http//www.ahrq.gov/ query/data/hcup/index.html

Comparative Research on Cross-Cultural Families Essay

1. Reference or bibliographic entry of your selected denomination in APA style (see example in the first assign workforcet guidelines) Toro-Morn, M., & Sprecher, S. (2003). A cross-cultural comparison of gent preferences among university students the unite states vs. the peoples republic of china (PRC). Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(2), 151-170.2. What argon the aims and/or look into movements of the training? The research of the cross-cultural deal aims their question at comparing mate preferences of novel adults in the the great unwasheds commonwealth of china and those young adults of the joined States. This sight correlates to the research do in 1998 by Goodwin, which examine the political and economic structure in a position glossiness and the effect it had on relationships, in particular mate preferences.3. What concepts or ideas did the authors want to register? How were they defined in the study? Read through the literature background or the introd uction part.The article states the researchers have cardinal concepts they wish to obtain from the study. One, deep down each culture analyzes gender variation in mate preferences. Second, differentiate the devil cultures in which they be satisfied with gender differences in mate preferences. Third, differentiate the two cultures of the significance of diverse partner characteristics.The concepts were outlined and explain through a questionnaire to 648 university students in the United States and 735 university students in the Peoples Republic of China. The United States questionnaire contained 422 females, 219 males, and 7 did not specify their gender. The Peoples Republic of China questionnaire contained 343 females, 352 males, and 40 did not specify their gender. The questionnaire contained a section called Traits Desired in a Mate. Through the results, researchers could determine which traits were least and most important. Also the differences and similarities within each cu lture, including the mate preferences of women versus males within each culture.4. Describe the participants of the study. Since you ar vatic to choose an article of a cross-cultural study on families, the participants for this study should have different cultural backgrounds.What are these cultural backgrounds? What are the demographics of the participants?This study contained two different participants, our very own young adults from the United States and young adults from the Peoples Republic of China. In the late 1970s, The Peoples Republic of China began having mixer and economic reforms. Not only did they began having reforms, save these reforms stimulated the growth of social science research. Which as a result, allowed researchers to research the mate preferences of young adults in the Peoples Republic of China.The Peoples Republic of China is recognize as the largest clownish in the world. Thus, having an immense population. These people live in a country were social a nd historical forces play an important role in their expectations of their potential partner. In addition they live in a country were government enforces family polices. This study contain people who were currently in a university thus their while would range from eighteen to twenty three.5. What is the authors methodology? How did the authors collect their data? What are the measurements or research tools that they used?The authors methodology is establish on a method, a procedure, measurements of the procedure, and results. The author collected their data by a questionnaire given to university students in the United States and the Peoples Republic of China. The measurements the researchers used were in a section on the questionnaire called Traits Desired in a Mate which determine what characteristics they make up important in a potential mate.6. What kind of analytical procedures did the authors use?Describe each as to how they can answer the research questions or achieve the ai ms of the study. The author uses three types of analytical procedures. They first gather their research by determining which of the cardinal traits were most and least favored overall. They put this data into a table, whichportrays the enormousness rating for the total sample. Secondly, they compared the similarities and differences within each culture. As a result, they are able compare each culture traits that hold high or low vastness and see if any of them are the same. Third, they compare the mate preferences for women and men in each culture.7. What are their general findings and conclusions?The study reason out that participants would rather have a mate who is honest, kind, healthy, and have an energetic personality. Researchers found that participants felt that intrinsic personality traits were more important then condition characteristics. Males were more entranced with attractiveness as a role in finding their mate. Well women in both culture were looking for men with earning potential and wealth. The major difference between the United States and Chinese cultures was the importance of having children to both parties. As you could imagine, it was important to the American culture and was fairly idle to the Chinese counterparts.8. After the findings and conclusions, what recommendations were made by the researchers?I dont know if there were recommendations made as much as thoughts for the future. The researchers though that the past has shaped both countries enough that what they look for in a potential mate will stay true. These differences between the two countries should as yet hold true, disregarding the fact that the Untied States culture is widely veritable in China. If anything they came to the conclusion that Chinas one-child policy has a major effect on how the Chinese look for a mate.9. What learning did you meet from this assignment or from reading this kind of a paper?I definitely enjoyed reading this particular article because i t compared the United States culture (which is the country I lived in) to another culture, the Peoples Republic of China. Through the researchers questionnaire, I was able to see the comparisons between the two cultures in their matepreferences. I felt it was interesting to see how important social and economic factors are in other cultures.

Rasurel Case Study

beca expenditure Erasure started to sell swimwear during the second half of the 20th century. In 1966, bequest (lingerie brand) bought Erasure and transformed It in Its swimwear Dillon. Erasures business has ever since remained focused on swimwear products. During the sass and sass, Erasure puzzleed itself as a fashion and trend-setting brand. The new caution team appointed In the mid sass had a pretty Impact on Erasures business the lack of Innovation and a short(p) International dodging led to decreasing commercialise shargons and set up the substitution in the perception of the brand.In the mid sasss, Warrant group (US) bought legacy and Erasure (who were in a bad position at don time but once more the new management team (especially the designers) didnt follow the right strategy they gave Erasure a sporty style, thereby worsening the switch in the perception of the brand. So, what happened in 15 old age ? The lack of innovation and creativity, the inability to updat e designs made Erasure switch from a fashion and trendy brand in the sass to a mature woman brand at the beginning of the 21 SST century.Erasure conducted merchandise research that confirmed the new perception of the brand old-fashioned, lack of vibrancy, and matronly. The more surprising is the fact that some key factors of success of Erasure are still there with customers perceiving the brand as being reliable, of high quality, and comfort. So, Its non only a problem of perception for the brand. What else can be the cite of Erasures decline ? Financial statements show that Erasures business could operate more efficiently and profitably * despite a growth of 4% of the swimwear market, Erasures sales decreased In 2002 so Erasure should definitely change Its marketing strategy and address the Issue of distribution channels. Without going further Into details, what an Erasure do ? Basically, there are 2 main options for the management team lurch the brand towards the younger l ingerie-like segment or reinforce its OFF position In ten mature woman segment 2.I en swimwear market The French swimwear market comprised of the five segments Catatonic, Beach Gang, Lingerie-Like, Elegant Mature Woman, yard Set. The Catatonic segment encompassed woman who treasured one-piece swimwear for its functional use in swimming or other sports whereas the Beach Gang cherished two piece swimwear based on brightly colored circuit breaker themes In the lingerie like segment omen wanted womanly floral pieces in modern cuts and bright colors.Elegant Mature woman swell up supported one pieces with elegant cuts and colors. The Jet Set woman wanted a sexy cut that emphasized the body and incorporated the flow high fashions. Main Brands Based on the brand strengths and alliance with Legacy, we whole step there is opportunity to enter additional segments to grow their business.

Food Globalization in China Essay

In most Chinese traditional families, family members would baffle around the dining table and dine together. Every iodin would talk ab discover the sidereal day snip and bond as a family. Usually, it would be the yield who would buy groceries subsequently work and return home to cook for the family. Some judgment of convictions, the father, the children or even the grandpargonnts would support out in the kitchen. The mother of the family would always consider the nutrition, thus for every(prenominal) dish, it would be well-prep bed, making sure that every family member would non guard any health problems, such as getting sick or malnutrition. This was what a Chinese traditional family would be like in the departed where fasting victuals take inerys and instant food were scarce.Todays Chinese family has alter tremendously. Purchasing meals at fast food restaurants is such an booming task comp ard to the loads of work and preparation for cooking at home. As a go forth, a mother has lost her chance to amplification her capability expenditure that she would have spent on traveling to the grocery store, choosing and purchasing items, and returning home to cook. In addition, the bonding time for the family has shined collect to lack of interactions such as cooking and dining together. Instead, a mother has fix other ways to countenance food for the family.She would ofttimes go straight to a nearby fast food chain, make a take-away order or purchase instant French fries or noodles from a nearby supermarket. Likewise, compared to the traditional way of Chinese dinners, where families depend upon around a table of different dishes, fast food menus are mostly set for individuals, the amount of time that a family spends together is once more decreased, and this ulcerous regimen may slowly lead to unpredicted illnesses.In a matter of time, whether you are sitting in a restaurant or walking along the shopping regularises of Shanghai, you look arou nd and you could experience humongous large number with waist like pillars, arms that looks like thighs and thighs that engrave against each other when they walk, one hand holding a form of Pepsi and the other feeding themselves with McDonalds cheese burger. There will be no more mass with wrinkles and white hair. The life expectancy has dropped to fifty. This is non an illusion but an anticipated look of the future The Fat mainland chinaware. accord to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, globalisation is the development of an developmently integ regularised global economy, which is marked by the increase in cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information and gardening. It brings the world together by public exposure different ideas, making foreign products easier to access, speeding up the grand of life, and increasing the understanding around us. Most countries welcome the deal of globalization, which symbolizes advancements.However, the electronegative consequences on Chinese culture are deniable and are not cost the consequences. food for thought globalization is spreading through the worlds divers(a) cultures in the form of fast food restaurants, high-caloric bever eras, supermarkets supplying instant food and high-caloric imported products, and culture changes that affect family bonding time. These changes have resulted in unhealthy diets, a decrease of energy expenditure, and illnesses such as corpulency. Food globalization is causing a negative effect in mainland China.Since the 1980s, Chinas openness has led to the growth of foreign fast food imprisonment in China. Coca-cola, Starbucks, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Hagen-Daz, Dunkin Donuts, Baskin-Robbins, Pepsi, DQ, Pizzahut, atomic number 91 Johns and Mcdonalds can be found almost everywhere in China (Popkin). gibe to Wen Dale, a member of the International Forum on globalisation, McDonalds alone has opened up to at least 235 restaurants in China, excluding 158 Mcdonald s franchises in Hong Kong.Every time when I go by McDonalds in China, I can see the long lines of people, waiting for their turn to purchase the high-caloric food. When I visited Hangzhou (a city next to Shanghai) at the age of six, I already saw many KFCs around Hangzhou. Todays Hangzhou is way different compared to twelve years ago, it is more modernized, and at the selfsame(prenominal) time, it is crowded with fast food restaurants. In the shopping district of Hangzhou, in that respect are not only Chanel, Gucci, Louis Vuitton but as well McDonalds, Pizzahut, Hagen-Dazs, Dunkin Donuts, Baskin-Robbins, Papa Johns, Starbucks and many other fast food chains. globalization brought westernization, successfulness into China as well as fast food chains.According to A.Michelle Mendez, a nutritional epidemiologist who received her masters in epidemiology at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, supermarkets, for example, have accounted for 48 per centum of the urban food market s in China, an increase beyond the 30 percent take in 1999. With this increase of urban food markets in China, the traditional markets that provide fresh and un impact products has started to decline, leading to a higher expenditure of processed food. Furthermore, these urban food markets are not only found in cosmic cities but also in poorer areas. (Mendez) The growing presence of carrefour and Metro that imports foreign products brought giant stores that offer a wide revolution of high caloric snacks and soft drinks, increasing the handiness of unhealthy products. For example, the need imports of French fries from the United States has increased tenfold between 1995 and 1999 (Mendez). Food globalization that increased the number of foreign investments produces negative changes to the Chinese Cultures (Dale). Globalization has brought large foreign supermarket firms and fast food chains into China. All of these has resulted in lifestyle changes which include a shift from nat ural-homemade food and beverages consumed to processed ones, a higher wasting disease of foreign food, a driving dietary change, an increase intake of caloric sweeteners, a reduced food preparation time and an increase in intake of pre-cooked foods. These led to an increase in corpulency prize in China.For foreign food chains to produce large amount of ingredients and products and ship them all the way across the Atlantic and peaceful oceans, unhealthy chemicals are often added during production. The contemporary world is characterized by an intense, continuous, extensive interplay between the indigenous and the imported. (Jackson) This is demonstrated through the importing and export of fast food ingredients. According to John Andrew, a citizen journalist, these chemicals are sometimes known as food additives and not all food additives employ are foods. Instead, they are chemical that are generally recognized as safe (Andrew).Almost all of these additives are nowhere to be f ound in a local supermarket, instead, some are found in inedible products like tox antifreeze, silicone caulk, soap, sunscreen and play sand (Andrew). As reported by Riddhi Shah, a writer for the website Salon, Sally Davies, a newfangled York photographer started a part-art, part-food science experiment. Davies documented a McDonalds apt Meal every few days until it spoiled. Even at day 137, the meal passive looks pretty gr course (Shah). After reading this experiment, how would people still feel safe and happy consuming these Happy Meals? overwhelming foods with chemicals or food additives may damage long-term health.Globalization brought changes that I have personally encountered. In 2007, the number of foreign franchises in China could be counted with ten fingers. There were only a few Starbucks and McDonalds opened their first outlet near the downtown Wulin Square, the shopping district in Hangzhou. However, after only three years, the number of Starbucks has quadrupled. Toda y, there are at least eight Starbucks in Hangzhou compared to the only one slight than five years ago.Because Starbucks is present everywhere, it is easy for individuals to grab a form of Caramel Frappuccino (which is about 430 calories) whenever passing by. This availability has brought about a rush of coffee addicts in China as well as load gains. Likewise, the newly opened Starbucks near Hangzhou International School where I accompanied high school attracts many students and capacity daily. This situation also happens to the McDonalds near the school. The increase in availability has caused a tremendous increase in junk food consumption among the staff and students. It is easy for students and faculty to grab a coffee, or a muffin before or after school.In most countries, especially the United States, Asians are often stereotyped as skinny. However, this perception will have to be altered in the coming decade. In the past, malnutrition has been the main health problem in Chi na. According to pile. A Levine, a professor of Medicine at mayo Clinic in Minnesota, more than 60 million people have execute obese in China (Levine). The data presents 23 percent of Chinese race is overweight. 12 percent adults and 8 percent children have obesity (Levine).The more unspoilt problem is that Levine has predicted by 2020, the obesity population in China will exceed that of the United States. The Chinese population is one of the largest in the world and if as predicted by Levine, the Chinese obesity rate rises, the whole world will be affected by this change. Misra points out that the obesity and the metabolic syndrome are immediate cursors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, thus as Chinas obesity rate increases, the well being of the Chinese population is evidently threatened. The increase in obesity rate will lead to maladaptive consequences such as an increase in other illnesses, and these studies provide a strong correlation coefficient with the gr owing of foreign fast food chains.Consequently, the increase of foreign fast food chains has affected everyone living in China. Easy availability to these restaurants and supermarkets reduces Chineses physical activity and labor intensity in both the urban and rural areas (Jackson). This increase number of foreign supermarkets has also resulted in a rise in the average intake of veg oil from 14.8 grams per person in 1989 to 35.1 grams per person in 2004, adding an extra 183 kcal to the populations daily diet (Popkin) (see table 1). In table 1, the availability for consumption of total calories has been going upslope since the 1961 and has no inclination of slowing down. Thus, these changes result in an increase in Chinese adults consumption on high-fat which rosebush from 33 percent to 60.8 percent in urban areas and 13.5 percent to 29.3 percent in rural areas (Mendez). flurry 1 Regional Trends in availability for Consumption of Total Calories, 1961-2000 germ Misra, Anoop and Lo kesh Khurana. Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in exploitation Countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008. Web. 8 November 2011.By switching from Chinese traditional diet to a Western diet, Chinese are consuming goods that are a good deal higher in calories. In a Chinese traditional family, a dinner often included a few dishes of vegetables, a few dishes of meat (normally less than the number of vegetable dishes), a soup, and lastly a bowl of rice for each family member. One or two of the family members saucily cooked all of the food. This kind of traditional dinner included all components of a healthy meal for a well-balanced diet.For centuries, the only beverages Chinese consumed were tea, weewee, and pap milk after birth. Because water has no calories, the human body did not evolve to reduce food intake to compensate for beverage consumption, thus, adding sugar into new beverages will increase the caloric intake of an individual. (Popkin) Table 2 displays the short history of caloric beverage for humans. From breast milk, water consumption, the human as evolved to consume soda, coffee, juice, liquor and other beverages that contain sugar. Thereby, when people consume any beverage other than water, their total calorie consumption increase (Popkin).Table 2 Remarkably Short History for thermic Beverages Might the Absence of Compensation Relate to This Historical Revolution?Source Popkin, Barry M. The World is Fat. The World is Fat (2008) n. pag. Web. 8 December 2011. The increase in availability of foreign food restaurants has led to a significant decrease of home-prepared food according to Popkin, an obvious shift in home-prepared food and home-based meals to ready-to eat meals, often consumed away from home. With this consumption, Chinese are spending less time with their family members and more time outside of their homes. Even though families may eat out at a fast food restaurant together, as the food is served fast,, the social time that an individual spend with his family is still decreased.It is true that food globalization has presented positive effects on Chinese culture, such as the bringing a diverse of cuisines into China, satisfying the Chineses curiosity, the increase in their pace of life and the step of taking Chinese a leap forward into the understanding of the outside world. However, the negative consequences, such as the increase in health risks, and the diminishment of traditional culture that come together with food globalization are inevitable and are worth much more of the attention. These negative consequences may not search worthwhile at this moment but when they do become serious problems, it will be too late to ameliorate. The question that is left for everyone to confer is that do a higher standard of living, a higher pace of life worth the sacrifice?Work CitedDale, Wen. The steady Food impact. China Copes with Globalization (2005) n. pag. Web 14 November 2011.Jackson, Peter. Local Consumption Culture s in a Globalizing World. Royal Geographical Society (2004) n. pag. Web. 13 November 2011.Levine, James A. Obesity in China Causes and Solutions. Chinese Medical Journal (2007) n. pag. Web. 13 November 2011.Mendez, A. Michelle and M. Popkin. Globalization, Urbanization and Nutritional Change In the underdeveloped World. Globalization of Food Systems in Developing Countries Impact on Food credential and Nutrition (2004) n. pag. Web. 13 November2011.Popkin, Barry M. The World is Fat. The World is Fat (2008) n. pag. Web. 13 November 2011.Watson, L. James.Chinas Big Mac Attack. Foreign Affairs (2000) n. pag. Web. 12 November 2011.Wong, Seanon. Whats In A Dumpling. University of Chicago (2006) n. pag. Web. 13 November 2011Wu, Yangfeng. arduous and obesity in China. BMJ (2006) n. pag. Web. 13 November 2011.Tan, Cheryn. Curry Origins and History. Suite101, 2009. Web. 13 November 2011.Shah, Riddhi. The Secret to the Immortality of McDonalds Food. Salon, 2010. Web. 13 November 2011.Andre w, John. Surprise Ingredients in Fast Food. Natural New, 2010. Web. 13 November 2011.Misra, Anoop and Lokesh Khurana. Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in DevelopingCountries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008. Web. 13 November 2011.

Office Automation Essay

affair mechanization has made topographic point work to be efficient nowadays for the musical arrangements that have pick out the constitution. Office automation usually refers to a situation where office activities are computerized so that it becomes easier for them to be exe provee faster and efficiently. This had been served by use of computer in the office and it has genuinely help many companies to cut cost in equipment casualty of manpower. Office automation has been relied on by many companies to collect, store, create and transmit office education when they are needed in order to accomplish any(prenominal) basic activities in the office. (Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P, 1994)Our brass has follow a number of automation and collaboration packet to enable them carry on their activities efficiently and to cut cost on wages and salaries. Collaborative software is a system that an organization adopts in order to ensure that the organization is working a coordinated m anner when they are executing they office work in their day to day activities. Our organization has not been left in frontiers of automation as it has implemented some collaborative software to facilitate office activities. Some of the collaborative software that has been adopted by our organization is use of email and exacting messaging.The use of email to reach in our organization has facilitated conveying of messages and data from wizard point to another(prenominal) every at heart the organization or level off outside the organization. Since the organization adopted the system, it has seen the organization be able to cut cost in term on the cost it incurred previously to send communication via other style of transmission. However, when it comes to internal communication within the organization, our company has adopted intranet system where employees within the organization uses company mail to send emails to each others only.The use of email in the office has some advanta ge in that it is the cheapest means of communication, one can forward the mail to another someone, one can pass on the mail from any computer in the world that is connected to the internet, and in that location is unlimited storage easiness. Another advantage of using email to communicate is that the message can be stored in the receivers inbox even if he is not in the office. Some of the disadvantages of email are that it superpower not be used to communicate confidential information muckle might misuse the facility and keep on browsing by dint of the internet instead of working.Instant messaging is collaborative software that has been adopted by our organization to communicate within or outside the organization. This facility is very popular in our organization as one yield feedback immediately after sending a message to the other person either within or outside the organization. The disadvantage of the facility is that since it requires instant feedback it cannot be used to communicate if the receiver is not there to resolve to the message. The facility also cannot be used to communicate detailed information like data and for this case it needs someone to use another facility.The facility also cannot be used where one want to grab something like a photograph or a map. (Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P, 1994) The collaborative software adopted by our organization has been of great use in our organization to convey messages within and outside the organization. Our company has saved a trade when it adopted the facilities and abandoned the older mean of communication where they used autotype or even letters and parcel which are slow and expensive.

My philosophy in nursing Essay

My philosophy in breast feeding is to uphold the lordliness of my patients during their vulnerable succession of need, care for the patients physically, emotionally, spiritually, and mentally current beliefs and values that I try to uphold throughout my brio. According to Chitty, philosophy is defined as the study of the principles underlying conduct, thought, and the nature of the universe (p. 318). To determine my philosophy of nurse care I had to reevaluate my beliefs and values.see muchmy philosophy of lifeMy values are learned from my personal growth, involvement with family and friends, and respecting others beliefs and opinions. My beliefs are that modern font medicine is a great way of healing through inquiry and technology. I believe patients mental and physical health demand should be evaluated and treated if necessary by a health care team and fend for groups. As part of the team, I result care for the patients and their families during distressed times. I pass o n work as an advocate to carry out, to the best of my knowledge and skills, the essential care to provide the best experience in healthcare that each patient and family deserves.I believe treat care needs to be holistic, nourishing the whole person,that is, the body, mind and spirit (Chitty, 2007 p. 312) I think of that is what defines us as nurses in the healthcare field. It is the nurses duty to incorporate our knowledge, skills and available resources, so we can improve our patients quality of life. The American Nurses Association, ANA, defines nursing as the protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities, taproom of illness and injury (Lance, 2007, p. 11). I try to incorporate these elements into my nursing cause practicing my profession with care, compassion, and humanity.Being able to relate to people of different cultures and backgrounds will allow me to connect with a greater variety of patients and families. I neck from an area where there are people from a variety of pagan backgrounds, socioeconomic status, and different spiritual beliefs and we all get along. We spend time together and their families are accepting. These experiences were needed to give me the knowledge to provide heightened nursing care to patients and their families.I believe in the importance of continuing rearing in nursing. To continue giving proficient patient care, it is important to extend educated on current research and evidence based practice, tutelage licensures and certifications current. According to Randell, Tate and Lougheed, it is important to reflect what we do as nurses so we celebrate learning (p. 62). This allows patients to receive high quality nursing care.I will strive to apply my nursing philosophy to my nursing practice by continuing to reevaluate my beliefs and values as I grow in my profession and as a person. I will continue my schooling aiming to advance in my nursing practice, but continuing to remember nursings holistic point o f view. This will allow me to care for my patients and their families more effectively. I will maintain my own physical, mental and emotional health, so I can continue giving the best care I am capable of to people in need.REFERENCESTC REFERENCESChitty, K. K. (2007). Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges (5th ed.).St. Louis Elsevier Inc. Retrieved February 16, 2008, from University of genus Phoenix Library.Lance, K. (2007). Nurse life care planning. _Virginia Nurses Today,_ 52 (2), 11. Retrieved February 16, 2008, from Ebscohost database.Randell, C. E., Tate B., & Lougheed M. (2007). Emancipatory teaching-learning philosophy and practice teaching in acute care navigating tensions. _Journal of Nursing,_ 46 (2), 62. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from EBSCOhost database.

Learning Objective Essay

* A knowledge objective answers the question What is it that your assimilators should be able to do at the end of the class session and range that they could not do before? * A encyclopaedism objective falsifys return the showed encyclopedism proscribedcome rather than what form the acquisition eachow take. * learn objectives focus on student performance. execution verbs that be specific, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as list, describes, key, liken, record, and analyze, should state the behaviors students ordain be expected to perform. Well-written learning objectives tail give students precise statements of what is expected of them and provide guidelines for assessing student progress. Our goal for students is learning and if students dont know what they should be able to do at the end of class then it result be difficult for them to egest that goal. Clearly defined objectives form the foundation for selecting appropriate topic, learning activities, and appr aisal measures. If objectives of the ancestry are not clearly understood by some(prenominal) teacher and students, if the learning activities do not relate to the objectives and the bailiwick that you call up is important, then your systems of assessment, which are supposed to indicate to both learner and instructor how effective the learning and teaching process has been, leave behind be at best misleading, and, at worst, irrelevant or unfair. Learning objectivesSpecific statements describing what you and your students intend to achieve as a result of learning that occurs both in class and outside of class. They flush toilet be categorized in the interest way 1. Cognitive objectives emphasize knowing, conceptualizing, comprehending, applying, synthesizing, and evaluating. These objectives deal with students knowledge of the subject matter, and how students demonstrate this knowledge. 2. Psychomotor objectives involve the physical skills and dexterity related to the instruct ion. Successful instruction involves teaching new skills or coordination of old anes Attitudinal objectivesSpecific statements virtually attitudes, value and emotions, which students will have as a result of taking deduct in class activities. What learning objectives emphasizeLearning objectives emphasize spy activity, student activity and student outcomes.Advantages of utilize learning objectivesWriting and using learning objectives has numerous advantages.Writing learning objectives using Blooms TaxonomyBlooms Taxonomy of the cognitive landed estate, or cerebration skills, can be helpful in constructing course learning objectives. Bloom and colleagues found that oer 95% of mental testing questions required students to spark off low-level thinking skills such as recall (1956). In addition, research has sh receive that students remember much sate when they have in condition(p) a topic through higher thinking skills such as application or paygrade. Using Blooms Taxonomy as a guide, you can create learning objectives and mental test questions that activate and assess assorted, as well as higher, levels of student thinking.Blooms TaxonomyBlooms Taxonomy is a hierarchy of six cognitive skills arrange from less to more complex.KnowledgeRecognizes students power to use rote memorisation and recall certain facts. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this public cite, define, identify, label, list, match, name, recognize, re unwrap, select, state.ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will recall the quaternary major food groups without error. Name the four major food groups. The students will list at least three characteristics peculiar to the Cubist movement. call three characteristics that are unique to the Cubist movement. The students will be able to define gram-positive bacteria. Define gram-positive bacteria. ComprehensionInvolves students ability to bring course content, understand and interpret im portant information and put former(a)s ideas into their own words. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this area classify, convert, describe, distinguish between, explain, extend, give examples, illustrate, interpret, paraphrase, summarize, translate.ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will summarize the main events of a story in grammatically decline English. Using grammatically correct English, please summarize the main events in three or four sentences from the news story assumption below. The students will describe in prose what is shown in graphical record form. presumption a graph of production trends in automobiles, describe what the graph represents in a memo to your boss. From a story-problem description, students will convert the story to a mathematical economic consumption needed to solve the problem. A researcher wonders whether attending a unavowed high school leads to higher or lower performance on an exam of social ski lls. A random sample of 100 students from a private school produces a mean score of 71.30 on the exam, and the depicted object mean score for students from public schools is 75.62 (s x = 29.0). Convert the information in this word problem into a mathematical representation that will change you to solve the problem.ApplicationStudents take new concepts and apply them to anformer(a) situation. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this domain apply, arrange, compute, construct, demonstrate, smash, modify, operate,predict, prepare, produce, relate, show, solve, use.ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will multiply ractions in class with 90 part accuracy. Solve for the ten side by side(p) fraction multiplication problems. Please make sure to show all your wrick. The students will apply previously well-read information about socialism to reach an answer. According to our definition of socialism, which of the following nations would be consid ered to be socialist? The students will demonstrate the principle of keep to classroom interactions. In a teaching simulation with your peers role-playing 6th check students, demonstrate the principle of reinforcement in classroom interactions and prepare a page description of what happened during the simulation that validated the principle.AnalysisStudents have the ability to take new information and break it down into parts to discern between them. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this domain analyze, associate, determine, diagram, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, estimate, infer, order, outline, point out, separate, subdivide. ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will read a presidential debate and point out the passages that attack a policy-making opp anent personally rather than the opponents political programs. From the curt presidential debate transcribed below Differentiate the passages that attacked a political oppo nent personally, and those that attacked an opponents political programs. The students will point out the positive and negative points presented in an argument for the abolition of guns. From the argument given below, analyze the positive and negative points presented concerning the abolition of guns and write a abbreviated (2-3 page) narrative of your analysis. Students will discriminate among a list of possible steps to determine which one(s) would lead to increased reliability for a test. Determine which of the following steps would most likely lead to an increase in the reliability estimate for a test * Increasing the number of persons tested from cholecalciferol to 1,000. * Selecting items so that half were very difficult and half very weak * Increasing the length of the test with more of the same kinds of items * Increasing the homogeneity of the group of subjects tested.SynthesisStudents are able to take various pieces of information and form a whole creating a pattern w here one did not previously exist. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this domain combine, compile, compose, construct, create, design, develop, devise, formulate, integrate, modify, organize, plan, propose, rearrange, reorganize, revise, rewrite, tell, write.ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will write a different but plausible ending to a short story. Develop one plausible ending for all three short stories below. later analyse the current economic policies of the United States, student groups will design their own goals for fiscal and monetary policies. Working in your groups and considering the current economic policies of the US that we have been studying, develop your goals for employment, price levels, and rate of real economic harvest-home for the next three years. Write these goals on the newsprint and be make up to discuss why your goals are feasible. The students will design a serial publication of chemical substance operat ions to separate quantitatively the elements in a solution. In the lab, you will be given a solution to analyze to bet what elements make up the solution. Then design a series of chemical operations to separate quantitatively the elements in the solution.EvaluationInvolves students ability to attend to at someone elses ideas or principles and see the worth of the bet and the value of the conclusions. Action verbs to help write objectives or exam questions for this domain appraise, assess, compare, conclude, contrast, criticize, discriminate, respect, judge, justify, support, weigh.ExampleLearning objectives Exam questionsThe students will use the principles of socialism to mensurate the US economic system. Using the basic principles of socialism discussed in this course, evaluate the US economic system by providing key arguments to support your judgment. Given any research study, evaluate the appropriateness of the conclusions reached based on the entropy presented. For years, misinformation about negative effects of aspartame has proliferated on the internet. The committee evaluated peer-reviewed research from the scientific literature on this topic and concluded Aspartame consumption is not associated with unseemly effects in the general population. Given the data weve looked at on this topic, evaluate how appropriate this conclusion is and defend your answer. The students will compare two pieces of sculpture, giving reasons for their positive evaluation of one over the other. deuce pieces of sculpture from different eras and artists are displayed. resume these two pieces, use the compare-contrast method to determine which piece you prefer and write a 2-3 page report that describes your thinking process as you studied these pieces. Utilize the skills you have learned as we have studied various pieces of sculpture over the agone two weeks.Advantages of using learning objectivesThe writing of learning objectives focuses attention apart from content an d onto the students. This re-focusing often produces revisions in teaching methods. 1. Managing instruction Objectives may be employ by instructors and students to sort and direct learners and learning activities. They may be used for systematic pre-testing, allowing into the course students who demonstrate the required pre-requisite behaviors, redirecting to remedial work those who lack the pre-requisites, skipping ahead those who already have acquired the behaviors that the unit is designed to teach. 2.3. Managing learning Whereas management of instruction implies that the control rests with the instructor, management of learning suggests a more active role by the student. Students can use objectives to guide their learning efforts choosing appropriate materials, reading selectively, etc. Objectives can also be used for self-evaluation which may direct the students efforts (e.g., skipping ahead or reviewing). When students are involved in determining objectives they develop an awareness of the difficulties in delineate what it is they want to learn and of choosing from among equally attractive options. 4. Planning instruction in one case you have developed learning objectives for a course you can more rationally sequence instruction, allot time to topics, assemble materials, prepare outlines and booklists, etc.Learning objectives can also be used as a guide to teaching, as when you plan different instructional methods for presenting various types of content based on the desired learning outcomes (e.g., small-group editing of reports to give students palpate in evaluating content logic and correct usage). A re-examination of course content may result from a look at the learning objectives for the course. After comparing previous examinations with your newly developed learning objectives, you may discover that you have been testing materials which are illustrative, but which are not rattling essential to the students mastery of the content/concepts. 5. E nhancing learning If the student has a deposit of learning objectives which provide information about the content to be learned and the way in which he/she will have to demonstrate tolerable knowledge, that student can make more appropriate choices about study methods and content emphasis.6. Facilitating evaluation Learning objectives can facilitate various evaluation activities, evaluating students, evaluating instruction, evaluating the curriculum. They can form the basis for grading or for determining levels of competency in a mastery learning system. They can also be used to demonstrate effective teaching by matching student learning, as measured by exams, etc., to the desired outcomes. 7. Aiding in communication with others in that respect is a need to communicate learning objectives to others between instructor and student, with TAs, with other instructors. For example, exchanging learning objectives within departments is the most specific way to communicate to ones colleag ues what you really cover in your course. An objectives exchange might dress redundancy in the curriculum.8. Designing or redesigning curriculum If you intend to reform instruction in a particular course, you usually begin with the learning objectives for that course and program outcomes for the program and work backwards. * Sets of learning objectives for one course may be compared with the expected entry behaviors for the next course in the sequence. The two should interlock where they do not, curriculum adjustments can be made. * Study of the existing curriculum can draw attention to redundancy and omissions that can lead to curriculum revision.9. Producing new insights The process of clarifying objectives may produce major changes in those who engage in the effort. For example, instructors who spend time evolution learning objectives are said to acquire increased understanding about what is a feasible goal. When more general goals are explicitly identified, some specific sub -goals emerge. Since it may not be possible to reach all the sub-goals, a hierarchy or trade-off system of goals must be produced.